These methods are also applicable to the contraction or cooling of gases.
Thus the contraction means negative expansion and cooling means negative heating.
Here you find the 8 processes of heating and expanding the gases.
There will be no change in Volume and no external work will be done by the gas. When a Gas is heated in a fixed enclosed space.
Due to heating, Pressure and Temperature will rise. And the whole heat supplied will be stored in the form of Internal Energy.
When a gas is heated at constant pressure, the Volume and the Temperature of a Gas will increase.
There will be some external work done due to an increase in Volume.
This is also known as the “Isothermal Process”.
When heat is supplied to gas at a Constant Temperature, the expansion occurred is called “Isothermal Expansion”.
The whole of the heat supplied to the gas will be used up in doing external work.
This is also called as “Isentropic Process”.
The system neither receives nor gives out heat to the surrounding.
This means no exchange of heat between the system and the surrounding.
This follows the general law (PRESSURE x VOLUME raise to n equals to Constant).
Where the index “n” may have any value depending upon the method of carrying out expansion.
This is said to occur when fluid suddenly expands into a Vacuum Chamber through an Orifice of large dimension.
No heat is supplied or rejected, there is no work done, and the Temperature during this process remains constant.
This type of expansion occurs when a gas or vapor is expanded through an Aperture of minute dimensions.
Like a valve that is very slightly opened or a narrow throat.
In this, if it is a perfect gas, there is no change in Temperature.
Besides this information, you are suggested to read something more from below engineering books
So, Here you find the Best Engineering Resources for further details
To get the more details about the topic, I further recommended reading
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